Ambient intelligence systems facilitate job performance by medical staff in health care services.Several papers detail scenarios in which these technologies may support clinicians in their daily workprocesses, but their specific characteristics suggest such technologies also could be useful forsurveillance and subsequent control of employees. Until now, only little attention has focused onresolving such issues. On the basis of 16 in-depth interviews with medical staff from three Germanhospitals, this study identifies a reserved attitude and several acceptance problems amonginterviewees. The qualitative data indicate 10 hypotheses, tested using a questionnaire study of 215nurses in training from Germany and India. The investigation of the quantitative data relies on partialleast squares modeling to identify and categorise problems with user acceptance of ambientintelligence and mobile systems on various levels.